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Sápmi (), in English commonly known as Lapland (), is the cultural region traditionally inhabited by the Sami people, traditionally known in English as Lapps. Sápmi is located in Northern Europe and includes the northern parts of Fennoscandia. The region stretches over four countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. On the north it is bounded by the Barents Sea, on the west by the Norwegian Sea and on the east by the White Sea.〔"Lapland." Encyclopædia Britannica. ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2009. Web. 24 November 2009 http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9047170.〕〔(We are the Sámi – Fact sheets ). Gáldu Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.〕 With the fall of the Soviet Union and increasing internationalization, cross-border cooperation is becoming more important, and existing state borders less important both for the Sami indigenous population and non-Sami inhabitants—the latter constituting the majority population of the region. Russians and Norwegians are the most numerous groups in the region; the Sami make up only a small minority of about 5% of the population in Sápmi.〔100,000 out of 2,000,000.〕 No political organization advocates secession, although several groups desire more territorial autonomy and/or more self-determination for the region's indigenous population. ==Etymology== Sápmi (and corresponding terms in other Sami languages) refers to both the Sami land and the Sami people. In fact, the word "Sámi" is only the accusative-genitive form of the noun "Sápmi"—making the name's (''Sámi olbmot'') meaning "people of Sápmi." The origin of the word is speculated to be related to the Baltic word '' *žēmē'' that simply means "land".〔(Article on the subject by the Finno-Ugrian Society. )〕 The same word is speculated to be the origin of "Suomi", the Finnish name for Finland. Sápmi is the name in North Sami, while the Julev Sami name is ''Sábme'' and the South Sami name is ''Saemie''. In Norwegian and Swedish the term ''Sameland'' is often used. In modern Swedish and Norwegian, Sápmi is known as "Sameland", but in older Swedish it was known as "Lappmarken", "Lappland", and Finnmark, respectively.〔(Egil's Saga, Chapter XIV )〕 Originally these two names did refer to the entire Sápmi, but subsequently became applied to areas ''exclusively'' inhabited by the Sami. "Lappland" (Laponia) became the name of Sweden's northernmost province (''landskap'') which in 1809 was split into one part that remained Swedish and one part falling under Finland (which became part of the Russian Empire). "Lappland" survives as the name of both Sweden's northernmost province and Finland's, also containing part of the old Ostrobothnian province. In older Norwegian, Sápmi was known as "Finnmork" or "Finnmark"; which is now the name of Norway's northernmost province. Both Northern Norway and Murmansk Oblast are sometimes marketed as ''Norwegian Lapland'' and ''Russian Lapland'', respectively. In the 17th century, Johannes Schefferus assumed the etymology of the lesser used term "Lapland" to be related to the Swedish word for "running", ''"löpa"'' (cognate with English, ''to leap'').〔(The History of Lapland: Chap. I: Of the name of ''Lapland'' ), Scheffer, John, Oxford, 1674〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sápmi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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